![]() Second is vascular disorders, which may affect semicircular canals and cochlea by ischemia. First is neuritis or cochleitis caused by the viral involvement of the vestibulocochlear nerve or inner ear. ![]() ![]() There are a few hypotheses that are postulated. Similarly, COVID-19 disease may be linked to such audio-vestibular disorders as hearing loss, vertigo, dizziness, and/or tinnitus. However, drugs and vaccines in the treatment of COVID-19 may cause the side effects in the area of the audio-vestibular area, the SARS-CoV-2 may itself manifest in the similar way. Tinnitus, vertigo, and dizziness are examples of audio-vestibular side effects that should be considered during treatment for COVID-19. The audio-vestibular side effects of drugs are classified as ototoxic side effects. Adverse reactions are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the probability of the occurrence of side effect is defined as follows: (1) very common (≥ 1/10), (2) common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10), (3) uncommon (≥ 1/1000 to < 1/100), (4) rare (≥ 1/10000 to < 1/1000), (5) very rare (<1/10000), and the last, not known, which means that the frequency cannot be estimated from the available data. The detection risk and adverse events in this phase are possible due to the real-world usage of each drug. As a result, some side effects may be observed during the IV phase (post-market surveillance). The number of patients in the 1, 2, and 3 phases of clinical trials is limited. Some of the drugs and vaccines for the treatment of COVID-19 are new, and sometimes it is hard to predict every side effect. The potential audio-vestibular side effect as an ototoxic adverse effect was analyzed in relation to drugs that were currently approved by the EMA (European Medical Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment of COVID-19. After approval of the drug, the treated population is more different (e.g., extensive or poor metabolizers). Additionally, the participants in clinical trials are included after meeting the specific inclusion criteria. It is very important due to the fact that during clinical trials when the number of participants is limited, it is not always possible to detect every single adverse reaction of drug. The number of patients who were treated and vaccinated against COVID-19 is very high. The main aim of this chapter is to draw attention to the pharmacological treatments (medications and vaccines) for COVID-19 and the side effect. However, there is still a need to monitor ototoxic side effects because of potential interactions with other ototoxic drugs. As far as vaccines are concerned, dizziness as an ototoxic effect was uncommon and occurs only in hypersensitive people who experience anaphylactic shock. Following treatment for COVID-19, the most frequent adverse audio-vestibular reactions reported in clinical trials and publications in the area of audiology and otorhinolaryngology were dizziness, blurry vision with dizziness, nasopharyngitis, dysgeusia, and tinnitus. ![]() Adverse events could be permanent or disappear over time. There were 39 publications and 15 summaries of product characteristics (as other sources of data), which were also used in this analysis. The chapter was written by the review of the available literature in the scientific databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, and in summaries of product characteristics as an official source of information. ![]() The aim of this study is to analyze and highlight their potential audio-vestibular side effects as an ototoxic adverse reaction. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, a few new drugs and vaccines were officially approved by the EMA (European Medical Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. ![]()
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